Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon that often have a major impact on human life. In recent times, the latest earthquake that occurred in Indonesia has revealed the importance of understanding the causes behind this phenomenon. There are several factors that contribute to the occurrence of earthquakes, including the movement of tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are parts of the earth’s crust that move slowly but continuously. Indonesia is located at the meeting point of several major plates, such as the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate. The interaction between these plates often produces pressure which is ultimately released into seismic energy, which we know as earthquakes. Earthquakes caused by plate movement are called tectonic earthquakes. Apart from that, there are also earthquakes caused by volcanic activity. Indonesia is a country with many active volcanoes, which can produce earthquakes when magma moves to the surface. This volcanic activity causes vibrations that can be felt in the surrounding area and can be a sign of an impending eruption. The latest earthquake that occurred in the Sunda Strait, for example, was caused by interactions between tectonic plates close to the subduction zone. Phenomena like this often cause major damage, including tsunamis, which can threaten human safety. Research continues to be carried out to increase understanding of earthquake patterns and habits, especially in vulnerable areas. Apart from geological aspects, there are social and cultural factors that must be considered in disaster mitigation. Education about earthquake preparedness is very important for the community. An early warning system has also been developed to provide quick information to residents when an earthquake occurs. Technologies such as seismic sensors and AI-based data analysis help in predicting potential future earthquakes. The importance of earthquake monitoring and research continues by involving various institutions both domestic and foreign. This effort aims to minimize the impact that might occur due to an earthquake. Multidisciplinary research includes seismology, geology, and atmospheric science to produce accurate and applicable data. Through structural safeguards and adequate knowledge in the community, the impact of earthquakes can be minimized. Innovation in building earthquake-resistant infrastructure is also a major concern in city planning. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the causes of earthquakes plays an important role in disaster mitigation and preparedness efforts in Indonesia.